How does identity shape our views in life? What happens if we lose an identity? In this episode, Aya and Josh delve into the complex tapestry of identity, exploring its various types (personal, social, cultural, gender, professional, digital/online) and formation, as well as communal identity, Jewish identity, the persistence/fluidity of identity, losing an identity, challenging or questioning the legitimacy of an identity, coping with shameful identities, conflicting identities, false or mistaken identities, validating identities, identity crises, identity politics, self-identification forms, the Ship of Theseus, group-think, gatekeeping, and how identity can ultimately grant purpose to our lives.

How does questioning our core beliefs and assumptions lead to more informed and empathetic viewpoints? What practical steps can we take to achieve this? In this episode, Aya and Josh challenge some of their own deeply held beliefs, drawing inspiration from Megan Phelps-Roper’s podcast “The Witch Trials of JK Rowling” and Anne-Laure Le Cunff’s insights in “Deliberate Doubt: The Art of Questioning Our Assumptions," exploring deliberate doubt vs. indiscriminate skepticism (e.g., conspiratorial thinking), the scientific method, the reliability of trusting one's gut, the challenges of polarization, the gun debate, Megan Phelps-Roper's 6 questions to ask ourselves, the value of listening to opposing views (e.g., Jordan Peterson, Ben Shapiro, Sam Harris, Matt Walsh), notable practitioners of deliberate doubt (e.g., Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Albert Einstein), and the pitfalls of making beliefs a part of one's identity (e.g., religious beliefs).

Special Guest: Jacob J. Tanenbaum. Are guns the best form of self-defense? Should we arm school teachers? In this episode, Aya and Josh continue their debate on gun violence with Jacob, exploring police shootings, the effectiveness of guns compared to other defenses (dogs, cameras, police, Tasers), gun control measures/perspectives in other countries (UK, Israel, Australia, China), guns versus knives, sci-fi/futuristic gun control solutions, school shooter drills, the implications of arming teachers, Josh and Jacob's viral film "Active Shooter," and defending against an oppressive militarized state.