This episode features Dr. Koratala (@NephroP), focusing on the practical, bedside integration of POCUS for volume status assessment in nephrology. The VEXUS (Venous Excess Ultrasound Score) is introduced as a Doppler technique to quantify venous congestion, a consequence of elevated right atrial pressure and a key component of hemodynamic AKI. VEXUS assesses blood flow patterns in strategically chosen veins (hepatic, portal, and intrarenal), moving management beyond "trial and error" by giving objective data (a full exam takes about 10 minutes). Beyond VEXUS, mastering Doppler principles, including the use of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity Time Integral (LVOT VTI), is crucial for estimating stroke volume. LVOT VTI helps differentiate volume depletion, euvolemia, and high cardiac output, which is essential for objective management in complex presentations like hyponatremia.

We welcome Dr. Abhilash Koratala AKA (@NephroP on X) to demystify POCUS in nephrology, emphasizing its role in assessing hemodynamic status and providing objectivity in AKI workup. The discussion explores the essential "SECOND Checklist" for kidney imaging and offers reliable alternatives to IVC ultrasound, such as Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) and focused cardiac views, particularly when evaluating cirrhotic patients.

In this episode, Dr. Rangaswami discusses "renalism" - the systematic exclusion of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) from heart failure trials and treatments. She explains the historical reasons behind this exclusion, recent positive trends in including more CKD patients in trials, and the challenges in enrolling these patients. Dr. Rangaswami highlights the importance of representing CKD patients in research and clinical practice, noting recent developments like new risk calculators that incorporate kidney function. She also provides practical insights on using guideline-directed medical therapies in patients with advanced CKD and heart failure, including the use of newer medications and potassium binders.

Episode 1 with Dr. Kazory