OTD:

n 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway became the world's first public railway, revolutionizing transportation with steam-powered locomotives.

In 1904, Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly had its first successful public performance in Brescia, becoming one of his most beloved works.

In 1910, Johannes Fibiger's discovery linking parasitic infections to cancer opened new pathways in oncology research, earning him the Nobel Prize in 1926.

In 1916, the Battle of Flers-Courcelette marked the first use of tanks in warfare during World War I, introducing a new era of mechanized combat.

In 1956, IBM introduced the 305 RAMAC, the first computer with a hard disk drive, revolutionizing data storage and retrieval.

In 1971, the Intercontinental Reinsurance Company was founded in London to manage global insurance risks in the reinsurance sector.

In 1975, Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia, with Michael Somare becoming the first Prime Minister.

In 1981, a 5.9 magnitude earthquake struck Erbaa, Turkey, causing widespread destruction and prompting a significant humanitarian response.

In 1982, 17-year-old Mats Wilander won his first Grand Slam title at the French Open, becoming the youngest male champion at the time.

In 2008, researchers Shai Halevi and Victor Shoup published a groundbreaking paper enhancing security protocols for online data encryption.