Dr. Kärkkäinen discusses the atonement in relation to soteriology and reconciliation as well as the concepts of theory, model, and metaphor. We cover Christus Victor, recapitulation, ransom, satisfaction, moral example, and penal substitution models. Karkkainen then focuses on the non-violent understanding of the atonement and then considers the Incarnation, the suffering of Jesus and God, sacrifice, God's wrath, the Trinity, the Resurrection, the Ascension, and the eschatological consummation as they relate to atonement.

I, Dennis, would love to hear from you. Please leave a comment or email me at thecharge.info@gmail.com

Check out Dr. Kärkkäinen's book "Christ and Reconciliation: A Constructive Christian Theology for the Pluralistic World, Vol. 1"

https://www.amazon.com/Christ-Reconciliation-Constructive-Christian-Pluralistic/dp/0802868533/ref=sr_1_6?crid=ZUC9DG6F47KT&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.mpXYDzAo2gnJwz1rYh_4txNCM0raKRR2PdSE3O2TICppPywmFknJfC2CeL-dEdrEX1T6OgTqNGn5jScI4ag-awOMXJu4-ltGR3TLvTLu_OpGyigQ5aOoP0woCUOUZRdjMYx4UGhX8mPsw0awGXVFOyMVk39lqfsBcCyArMdU8uoTQV0M3YnRiDVBnf8L19n9lU4MbNIWrvHM2XIm19Cw7Xl2ue8bxjRS8EhxBMofpjg.uHV2X1M3BmQAzBtSNM073qVzVK0Wk2YW0Kl-BMEM48o&dib_tag=se&keywords=Karkkainen&qid=1723304286&sprefix=karkkainen%2Caps%2C145&sr=8-6