エピソード

  • What is Australia’s Play for Hydrogen? – with SEC / Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia
    2024/10/14
    Episode Summary:In this episode of Exploring Hydrogen, host Andy Marsland embarks on an enlightening conversation with Joanna Kay, a leading voice in the renewable hydrogen sector. Joanna serves as the Executive General Manager of the Smart Energy Council and leads Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia, advocating for hydrogen as a key to the decarbonisation of Australia’s economy.Joanna offers a comprehensive overview of how hydrogen fits into Australia’s renewable energy landscape, from its potential role in industries like transportation and manufacturing to the challenges of scaling production and adoption. The conversation delves into the critical importance of certification programs for ensuring hydrogen production remains truly green, meeting rigorous environmental standards.Together, they explore Australia's place in the global hydrogen conversation, comparing national efforts to those of international leaders like the European Union, the US, and Japan. Joanna also highlights the role of government incentives and global standards in shaping the future of green hydrogen and explains why ensuring harmonised certification is key for building a sustainable hydrogen economy worldwide.Key Topics Discussed:Introduction to the Smart Energy Council and Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia:Joanna explains the work of the Smart Energy Council, which has been active in Australia for decades, representing the renewable energy value chain, including solar, batteries, wind, and hydrogen. Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia, established in 2018, focuses on both domestic and international hydrogen applications and derivative products like green ammonia and green metals.Hydrogen Certification and Global Standards:Hydrogen can be produced using various methods, not all of which are green. Joanna highlights the importance of Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia’s certification program—the only industry-led initiative in Australia—that ensures green hydrogen projects meet the global standard of less than one kilogram of carbon per kilogram of hydrogen. The discussion also explores how different countries define green hydrogen and the challenges of aligning these definitions to promote global trade and cooperation.Comparing Australia’s Hydrogen Standards to Global Leaders:Joanna and Andy discuss how Australia’s standards stack up against global leaders like the European Union and the United States, which have different carbon intensity thresholds for what they define as green hydrogen. They explore the complexities of developing a unified global standard and the opportunities it presents for Australia as an emerging leader in the green hydrogen space.The Role of Government and Public Funding:Joanna provides insights into how government incentives, such as the production tax credits in Australia, are playing a crucial role in supporting the growth of the hydrogen sector. They also explore recent findings from the International Energy Agency, which suggest that with proper public funding, green hydrogen could become the most cost-competitive hydrogen source by 2030, surpassing alternatives like blue hydrogen.Future Vision for Hydrogen in Australia:Joanna outlines the next steps for Australia’s hydrogen industry, including the expansion of green hydrogen into industrial processes, the potential for international trade, and how certification will play a key role in ensuring transparency and environmental accountability. She also shares examples of successfully certified projects, like Bristol Springs and Yarra International, which demonstrate Australia’s capability to deliver green hydrogen.Notable Quotes:“What we're focused on is making sure hydrogen produced in Australia is genuinely green—meaning zero emissions. Blue hydrogen, which relies on carbon capture, may have its place as a transition fuel, but we’re advocating for true decarbonisation.” – Joanna Kay“By 2030, green hydrogen could outcompete all other forms of hydrogen globally if public funding is directed towards supporting its production.” – Joanna KayEpisode Highlights:Deep Dive into Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia:Joanna details the mission and structure of Zero Carbon Hydrogen Australia, a division of the Smart Energy Council, which has been at the forefront of developing renewable hydrogen initiatives and projects across Australia. With over 200 members involved in hydrogen projects, the organisation plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of hydrogen in Australia.The Importance of Certification in Hydrogen Production:Hydrogen certification ensures that green hydrogen projects meet strict carbon emission standards. Joanna explains the technical challenges of maintaining global consistency in certification and why it is essential for promoting international hydrogen trade and reducing the carbon footprint of industrial processes.Global Comparisons of Hydrogen Standards:Joanna and Andy discuss the variations in hydrogen standards across ...
    続きを読む 一部表示
    37 分
  • Overcoming Supply Chain and Import Challenges Mini Series Episode 4 – BOC
    2024/09/13

    This mini-series has been developed off back of some feedback from a few of our listeners who it would be useful and interesting to have more of a discussion from companies that have experience and can share real-life examples of any supply chain and import challenges

    A huge shout out to the companies and individuals who were willing to share their learnings in this mini-series and embodying that sense of collaboration with the hydrogen community. So, to Plug Power, BOC, Amarna Energy and ATCO, Thank you.

    Chris Dolman is the Business Development Manager for BOC. He’s been working across a number of areas including hydrogen to biomethane and other Gaseous vectors.

    BOC is part of the Linde Group, one of the world's largest industrial gas and engineering companies and it operates in over 100 countries. The company supplies a wide range of gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, which are essential for various industries such as healthcare, energy, and manufacturing.

    Globally, Linde plc employs approximately 65,000 people and its operations include production facilities, distribution networks, and extensive research and development activities, making it a critical supplier of industrial gases and engineering solutions worldwide.


    BOC's Role in the Hydrogen Industry

    ○ Supplying hydrogen globally for over 80 years

    ○ Operating 170 hydrogen production plants worldwide

    ○ Transitioning from traditional uses of hydrogen to focusing on hydrogen as an energy vector

    Supply Chain Challenges

    ○ Impact of COVID-19 on international supply chains

    ○ Australia’s unique standards and challenges in hydrogen production

    ○ Difficulties in sourcing specialised equipment like electrolyser stacks and spare parts

    Technical and Engineering Challenges

    ○ Managing electrolyser "turn-down rates" and balancing plant sizing

    ○ The complexity of "plug and play" refueler systems

    ○ Localising skills for hydrogen project engineering and maintenance

    Australia's Hydrogen Projects

    ○ Insights from the BP-BOC Queensland refuelling project and Toyota Eco Park project

    ○ Hydrogen buses in Victoria and South Australia as a success story

    ○ Challenges and cost pressures in hydrogen hub projects, such as the Port Kembla Hydrogen Hub

    Lessons for the Future of Hydrogen

    ○ Importance of having critical spare parts and skilled local workers

    ○ The need for collaboration within the hydrogen supply chain

    ○ Australia’s limitations in the hydrogen truck market due to right-hand drive and specialised truck configurations (e.g., B-doubles)


    Key Takeaways:


    This episode highlights the challenges and opportunities in the hydrogen energy sector, particularly from an Australian perspective. It emphasises the need for collaboration, innovation, and local skill development to overcome supply chain constraints and technical obstacles. The discussion also underscores the importance of planning for long-term growth in hydrogen projects, from sourcing materials to building local expertise.


    Links

    ● linkedin.com/in/chris-dolman-b2509710


    ● https://www.boc-limited.com.au/en/index.html

    Let me know what you think about the mini series. If you like it then we can try feature more companies with their case studies and learnings in future episodes. Please message me with any thoughts and feedback at https://www.linkedin.com/in/andymarsland/







    続きを読む 一部表示
    16 分
  • Overcoming Supply Chain and Import Challenges Mini Series Episode 3 – Plug Power
    2024/09/13

    This mini-series has been developed off back of some feedback from a few of our listeners who it would be useful and interesting to have more of a discussion from companies that have experience and can share real-life examples of any supply chain and import challenges

    A huge shout out to the companies and individuals who were willing to share their learnings in this mini-series and embodying that sense of collaboration with the hydrogen community. So, to Plug Power, BOC, Amarna Energy and ATCO, Thank you.

    Laurent Van Helden is Director of sales and market development with Plug Power in Australia.

    Plug Power is a leading provider of hydrogen electrolyser and fuel cell systems. Founded in 1997, New York, the company focuses on developing and commercialising clean energy solutions The company's fuel cell technology is used by major corporations, including Amazon and Walmart, to power their fleets of electric forklifts and other industrial vehicles.

    Plug Power's electrolysers are designed to support large-scale hydrogen production for various industries, including transportation, power generation, and industrial applications. The company has made significant investments in expanding its electrolyser manufacturing capabilities to meet the growing global demand for clean hydrogen.

    Key Discussion Points:


    PlugPower's Journey: Laurent shares PlugPower’s transition from producing hydrogen fuel cells for electric forklifts to becoming a key player in hydrogen production through the development of electrolysers. Starting with their acquisition of Giner in 2020, PlugPower has scaled up to meet the growing demand for green hydrogen.

    Electrolyser Deployment in Australia:
    Laurent explains how PlugPower is delivering one-megawatt electrolyser units to Australia. He details the process of adjusting their European-designed systems to comply with Australian standards, including electrical requirements and hazardous area certifications. This required extensive collaboration with Australian engineers and regulatory bodies.

    Overcoming Standards and Compliance Challenges:
    The conversation dives into the differences between European and Australian standards, such as the need to redesign units to meet Australian electrical clearances and hazardous area documentation. PlugPower appointed local experts to ensure compliance with Australian WorkSafe regulations and engaged clients throughout the process.

    Future Outlook:
    Laurent reveals that PlugPower’s first electrolyser units in Australia are nearing completion and are set to begin operations within the next few months. With commissioning underway, PlugPower is on track to power Australia's hydrogen projects.

    Key Takeaways:

    ● Collaboration and knowledge sharing are crucial to overcoming challenges in the hydrogen industry.

    ● Navigating different international standards is a major hurdle in global hydrogen infrastructure development.

    ● PlugPower’s ongoing projects in Australia are a testament to the growth and potential of the hydrogen sector in decarbonising industry and transportation.


    Links

    ● https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurent-van-helden/

    ● https://www.plugpower.com/


    Let me know what you think about the mini series. If you like it then we can try feature more companies with their case studies and learnings in future episodes. Please message me with any thoughts and feedback at https://www.linkedin.com/in/andymarsland/






































    続きを読む 一部表示
    9 分
  • Overcoming Supply Chain and Import Challenges Mini Series Episode 2 – Amarna Energy
    2024/09/13


    This mini-series has been developed off back of some feedback from a few of our listeners who it would be useful and interesting to have more of a discussion from companies that have experience and can share real-life examples of any supply chain and import challenges


    A huge shout out to the companies and individuals who were willing to share their learnings in this mini-series and embodying that sense of collaboration with the hydrogen community. So, to Plug Power, BOC, Amarna Energy and ATCO, Thank you.


    Alistair Wardrope
    is the Technical Director & Co-Founder of Amarna Energy.

    Alistair has been working in the renewable hydrogen industry since 2006, starting his career in ITM-Power, and moving into offshore wind and nuclear generation in the UK. He moved to Australia in 2013 working for Jemena, becoming the technical lead for renewable gases, heading up Jemena’s hydrogen demonstration plant and biomethane injection plant. Along with Andrew Lelliott, they co-founded Amarna in 2019, a specialist renewable energy consultancy, providing engineering and project management to a range of leading hydrogen and cutting-edge renewable technologies. Amarna has offices in Sydney and Brisbane and supports a range of projects in operation, construction, and various stages of development.


    Andy is joined by Alistair Wardrope, a seasoned expert with nearly two decades of experience in the hydrogen sector. Alistair shares his expertise on the current state of hydrogen in Australia, particularly focusing on the technical and logistical challenges of importing key equipment such as electrolysers, compressors, and gas storage units.


    Throughout the episode, Alistair discusses:


    ● The immature hydrogen sector in Australia, especially regarding electrolyser technology.

    ● Common issues faced by hydrogen projects in Australia include compliance delays, installation problems, and quality control.

    ● The importance of collaboration within the hydrogen community to overcome these challenges.

    ● The relatively stable supply chain for compressed gas cylinders versus the more problematic areas like electrolysers and compressors.

    ● Lessons learned from working with hydrogen technologies across different sectors and regions.

    Alistair also emphasises the need for patience and collaboration, as these early challenges are typical in any emerging industry. As hydrogen technologies scale up and become more refined, many of these issues will likely diminish over time. He encourages developers in Australia to focus on strengthening local supply chains while relying on proven global technology for core components.


    Key Takeaways
    :


    ● The hydrogen sector is still in its early stages in Australia, with significant challenges related to the import of electrolyser technology.

    ● Supply chain issues are common but can be overcome with collaboration and shared industry knowledge.

    ● Developers should leverage local strengths in manufacturing and assembly to complement global technologies.

    ● Patience is key- scaling up a new industry always comes with teething pains, but lessons learned today will drive future progress.


    Links

    linkedin.com/in/alistair-wardrope-82183b24


    https://www.amarnaenergy.com/

    Let me know what you think about the mini series. If you like it then we can try feature more companies with their case studies and learnings in future episodes. Please message me with any thoughts and feedback at https://www.linkedin.com/in/andymarsland/

    続きを読む 一部表示
    9 分
  • Overcoming Supply Chain and Import Challenges Mini Series Episode 1 - ATCO
    2024/09/13


    This mini-series has been developed off back of some feedback from a few of our listeners who it would be useful and interesting to have more of a discussion from companies that have experience and can share real-life examples of any supply chain and import challenges


    A huge shout out to the companies and individuals who were willing to share their learnings in this mini-series and embodying that sense of collaboration with the hydrogen community. So, to Plug Power, BOC, Amarna Energy and ATCO, Thank you.


    Russell James
    is the General Manager of Hydrogen and Future Fuels at ATCO.


    Russell has over 20 years’ of experience in energy, including the delivery of small to large-scale energy and utility infrastructure projects. Over the last 5 years, he has played a key role in all ATCO's hydrogen related activities, including the Clean Energy Innovation Hub


    ATCO is a global infrastructure and energy company with headquarters in Canada, known for its diversified portfolio including utilities, energy, structures and logistics, and transportation. With operations in over 100 countries, ATCO employs around 6200 people


    In Australia, ATCO operates a range of energy and infrastructure businesses, including transmission pipelines.


    ATCO’s Journey in the Hydrogen Sector:


    ● ATCO has been involved in hydrogen for over eight years and launched Australia’s first renewable hydrogen facility in Western Australia about four and a half years ago.

    ● The Clean Energy Innovation Hub incorporates solar, batteries, and electrolysis, allowing hydrogen blending into the natural gas network.


    Challenges in Hydrogen Projects:


    Procurement of Equipment: ATCO had to source electrolysers from Europe and the US, navigating long lead times, shipping complexities, and significant upfront payments. This differs from standard procurement in gas and power divisions.

    Compliance with Australian Standards: With limited local hydrogen standards, ATCO worked closely with safety regulators to ensure compliance, adapting equipment built to European and US standards.

    Setting up Hydrogen Refuelling Stations: ATCO worked with the West Australian Government on the first hydrogen refuelling station, learning valuable lessons that helped streamline future projects.


    Operational Challenges:


    Maintenance and Local Support: ATCO worked closely with local companies to establish maintenance and support capabilities for hydrogen equipment, which helped foster the industry’s growth.

    Global Supply Chain Pressures: High demand for hydrogen infrastructure worldwide is causing delays in equipment procurement and project timelines.


    Success Stories and Adaptations:


    ● ATCO overcame COVID-19 restrictions by using video technology to commission equipment remotely, highlighting the team’s adaptability in challenging situations.


    Key Takeaways:


    ● Hydrogen project timelines need to account for unexpected challenges, especially with new technology and suppliers.

    ● Building strong relationships with suppliers, contractors, and regulators is critical for project success.

    ● Under-promising and over-delivering is a key strategy for ensuring that projects are completed on time and to the highest safety standards.


    Links


    https://www.atco.com/en-au.html


    https://www.linkedin.com/in/russ-james/


    Let me know what you think about the mini series. If you like it then we can try feature more companies with their case studies and learnings in future episodes. Please message me with any thoughts and feedback at https://www.linkedin.com/in/andymarsland/



    続きを読む 一部表示
    12 分
  • Decarbonising for Green Zinc – Ark Energy
    2024/07/11

    Tim Davies is the Project Manager for Ark Energy’s proposed Han-Ho H2 Hub, a major renewable generation, green hydrogen, and ammonia project in North Queensland. With a strong background at Fortescue Future Industries and Origin Energy, Tim has extensive experience across the hydrogen, oil, gas, and energy value chain.

    A distinguished engineer and project manager, he is known for his expertise in megaprojects and his broad commercial acumen. Tim is dedicated to advancing the renewable energy industry and bringing innovation to the energy sector.

    Overview of Ark Energy and Korea Zinc
    Tim discusses Ark Energy's mission to decarbonise Korea Zinc's operations. He explains, "Ark Energy was formed to decarbonise the group, leveraging investments in renewable projects like the MacIntyre Wind Farm and Sun Metals Solar Farm."


    MacIntyre Wind Farm and Sun Metals Solar Farm

    Development of renewable energy projects and their integration with zinc refinery operations. Tim highlights, "MacIntyre is a one-gigawatt wind farm, the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, aimed at local energy use and decarbonisation."

    Expansion and Acquisitions

    Ark Energy's acquisition of Epuron expanded its renewable energy portfolio to seven gigawatts. Tim states, "With the acquisition of Epuron, we now have a significant pipeline of renewable energy developments along the East Coast of Queensland and New South Wales."


    SunHQ Project
    Current construction status and challenges faced, including the impact of COVID-19 on project timelines. Tim shares, "SunHQ will be the largest integrated refuelling station in Australia, powering hydrogen trucks with green hydrogen from our solar farm."

    Han-Ho Hydrogen Hub
    Overview of the project and its current stage. Tim mentions, "We're targeting 1.8 million tonnes per annum of hydrogen production, backed by the development of our Collinsville Green Energy Hub."


    Recent Budget Announcements
    Analysis of the recent budget's impact on hydrogen projects in Australia. Tim observes, "The production tax incentive signals to our offshore investors that Australia is keen on green hydrogen and is putting money into closing the gap."

    Challenges in the Hydrogen Sector
    Addressing skill shortages and resource management in Australia. Tim notes, "We need to be mindful of the pressure on local communities and labour markets as we ramp up hydrogen projects."

    Korean Contracts for Difference Scheme
    Overview of the scheme and its impact on hydrogen projects. Tim explains, "The Korean government is prioritising green hydrogen, and with Australia's hydrogen production tax incentive, green hydrogen is looking favourable."

    Tim's Trip to China
    Insights from visiting major manufacturers and advancements in electrolyser technology. Tim shares, "China's scale-up for manufacturing hydrogen technology is impressive, but there's still a challenge to meet Australian standards and timelines."

    Community Engagement and Social License
    Importance of early engagement with local communities and addressing their concerns. Tim emphasises, "Social license isn't given; it's earned. We're working closely with communities to understand and mitigate impacts."

    Project Challenges and Strategies
    Balancing engineering and commercial aspects to ensure sustainable development. Tim states, "The biggest challenge is aligning all the puzzle pieces, from engineering to commercial agreements, to make these projects viable."

    Future Vision for Ark Energy
    Goals and expectations for the next decade. Tim envisions, "In ten years, we'd like to see Han-Ho operating, a green corridor between Korea and Australia established, and significant progress towards net zero."

    Final Thoughts and Call to Action
    Tim encourages collaboration within the hydrogen industry. He concludes, "The more projects we get over the line, the quicker we can bring costs down and transition to green hydrogen. We're proponents, not competitors."


    Follow ARK Energy

    Website: arkenergy.com.au

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/72066237

    続きを読む 一部表示
    28 分
  • A hotbed of Clean Energy Technologies and Training – Stanwell FEITH Project
    2024/04/17
    A hotbed of Clean Energy Technologies and Training – Stanwell FEITH ProjectPeter Goggin is the Manager for Hydrogen Development at Stanwell Corporation and has over three decades of experience in the electricity industry. He has worked in various capacities in business development, commercialisation, and project delivery in Australia and the UK. Throughout his career, Peter has developed projects across a wide range of domains, including solar PV, energy efficiency, battery storage, wind power, wave power, bioenergy, and waste-to-energy technologies.1.15 - Intro to Stanwell Stanwell is a Queensland Government-owned corporation. They have about 3. 2 gigawatts of coal-fired power generation and are moving towards the transformation of that generation base to a renewable energy future. Stanwell has about three gigawatts of renewable energy in its pipeline, either contracted or under development. 2.26 - Intro to Peter’s role In his current role at Stanwell, Peter's primary objective is to establish a sustainable domestic business model in renewable hydrogen for Stanwell. His endeavours are centred around leveraging the potential and scale of the Central Queensland Hydrogen (CQH2) Project into the Queensland market. 3.20 - What does FEITH stand for and what is it? Future Energy Innovation and Training Hub● The FEITH will develop the new technologies and workforce skills required to achieve Stanwell’s strategic objectives and the Queensland Energy and Jobs Plan (QEJP).● In its ultimate form, the FEITH is expected to feature: a hub to demonstrate to the community a range of hydrogen applications, their safety, and the benefits to local and regional areas.● Medium-long duration battery storage, transmission and renewable energy integration technologies for the NEM, state-of-the-art workforce skills and technical training for trade, higher education and research, a world-class commercial-scale research and testing.● It will feature a precinct for innovation and technology validation and a servicing and maintenance workshop.● It will increase our understanding of new energy technologies and their application in building Stanwell’s renewable energy portfolio and driving the development of Queensland's hydrogen industry. 06.00 - What is an iron flow battery and what is the potential user case? 07.00 – Hysata’s electrolyser A revolutionary 4-5MW hydrogen electrolyser will also be validated in a pilot project at FEITH. The super-efficient electrolyser is being developed by Australian startup Hysata.10.15 - The scaling challenge in the industry11.36 - How does FEITH support Stanwell and the local community?13.40 - What stage are you at with the project- Have commenced with the common infrastructure- Iron flow battery works will begin in the next few months- Phased development- We have received some funding from the QLD government from the QLD Renewable Energy Hydrogen Jobs Fund- Hoping to be ready for the Hysata pilot unit within the next 12 months16.20 - What are the criteria that organisations go through before Stanwell decides to partner with someone?Starts with us being aligned with the counter party with the objectives. On the technology side, it would be about the technology readiness level.18.30 – Training at FEITH- Future pathways training is being developed- A range of different skills that need to be developed (cross-skilling and upskilling) - Using that modern virtual reality type technology to get training opened up more broadly to users of the facility21.40 - What are the biggest challenges you are facing at the moment- Scaling challenges- This is a brand new industry and there are a lot of new/novel things happening we need everyone’s support22.53 - What does success look like? “Success for me with FEITH would look like a precinct that's supporting that aspiration with some infrastructure already deployed with a vibrant environment there to show our community just what we're doing to take advantage of this great decarbonisation challenge we have on our hands.” 24.15 - Are there any types of technology that you are excited by? 27.00 - Recommendations for Australia and Queensland moving forward to help support the industry 27.45 – Collaboration is key. And the organisations that are working with Stanwell on the CQH2 project 31.25 - Key learnings Be patient, it’s a complex thing and requires the willingness to be resilient. It’s a customer-led approach. https://www.stanwell.com/home-stanwell/https://www.linkedin.com/company/stanwell-corporation-limited/ The Exploring Hydrogen podcast has recently been ranked as number 6 in the top Hydrogen podcasts worldwide. If you enjoyed the content, we invite you to like and subscribe, and help spread the word (https://podcasts.feedspot.com/hydrogen_energy_podcasts/?feedid=...
    続きを読む 一部表示
    33 分
  • De-mystifying economic policy for Hydrogen – “The 5 Levers” with GHD
    2024/01/23
    De-mystifying economic policy for Hydrogen – “The 5 Levers”, with GHD Introduction to Ariel: Ariel Elboim a Senior Advisor for GHD working in the future energy market. A consultant for 10 years, Ariel has worked on the decarbonisation of infrastructure, and renewable energy projects across various sectors, including energy, water and transport. For the past 5 years, his focus has been dedicated to accelerating the growth of the hydrogen industry in Australia. He plays an active role not only through his project work for both private and public clients but also through his engagement with industry, including his position as H2Q Hydrogen Queensland Policy Advocacy Taskforce Lead. 1.45 - About GHD & Ariel's work GHD is a globally recognised organisation operating in the markets of engineering, architecture, digital, water, energy, environment, and transport. Above 11,000 employees across 5 continents and 120+ offices. Over the last 4 years, Ariel has been working holistically to accelerate the growth of the hydrogen industry in Australia, and that's been looking at strategic, tactical, operational projects, and more recently, at policy and policy mechanisms and how they can be conducive to the growth of the industry in Australia. 3.00 - The work H2Q Hydrogen Queensland is doing to help translate what industry sentiment is and how that can help inform government policy. They have been doing a lot of engagement and report writing over the last year with a white paper that was released over Christmas. 4.15 -Summary of the 5 levers & examples around the world Lever # 1 - Tax Regulation What can the government do in terms of regulatory standards and requirements to influence proponent behaviour, and what kind of tax levers can they use to influence taxpayers' behaviour? Regulatory standards and requirements that the government can implement to influence behaviour, or what kind of tax incentives or penalties can the government implement to also influence behaviour? 06.00 - Carbon prices around the world & the Safeguard Mechanism 08.20 - Lever #2 - Tax credits & subsidies Tax credits and subsidies are an incentive-based policy instrument that provides market-compatible forms of direct government intervention. 09.00 - U. S. Inflation Reduction Act This offers a tax credit of up to $3 per kilogram of hydrogen produced. That $3 per kilogram is based on the carbon intensity of the product. 10.06 - What can Australia do, even without having such ‘deep pockets’ as the US? 11.20 - Lever #3 - Market based schemes Market-based schemes are interesting because they're an amalgamation of different mechanisms and they usually consist of a pull mechanism or a lever that tries to pull investment into the market, and a push mechanism, so it pushes proponents to do something. 12.30 - Lever # 4 - Contracts for Difference This lever is getting a lot of attention across the world at the minute, especially in the hydrogen space. CFDs, Contracts for Differences, are financial contracts between a supplier and a purchaser of energy, provided a certain price. The Contract for Difference stipulates that the purchaser will pay the seller the difference between the market value at the time of contracting. Essentially a market price is agreed upon, usually called the strike price, and this is based on several factors. It could be the level of CO2 emissions that are being abated. It could be the cost of the fossil fuel plus a green premium, whatever the market decides is a strike price, but everyone agrees that's the baseline. 14.45 - Review periods for Contracts for Difference "Contracts for Difference usually last for about 10, 12, 15 years and by that point, the market will have readjusted to an equilibrium. And then you reassess it." 17.00 - "The biggest issue in the hydrogen space at the minute and the reason projects aren't getting past FID, or to FID, is because the premium on hydrogen just isn't suitable so you're not able to guarantee a revenue guarantee revenue stream and is probably the biggest killer to projects, from my understanding." 19.15 - Lever #5 - Financing Arrangements Australia has been pursuing this lever for the last three or four years in terms of getting the hydrogen industry. Essentially finance is provided as a means to mitigate the inherent risk in developing new projects, new industries, and creating new sectors. 21.20 - Backing of funding in Australia “There's a difference between picking winners and making strategically good choices. The example is, that we're not going to see a major hydrogen passenger vehicle industry market in Australia anytime soon because the progress that EVs are making is just staggering. However, if you look at large industries that are hard to abate, like I mentioned steel and iron and alumina, etc. they are clear good strategic options for hydrogen to be implemented." 23.30 - Disadvantages of using each of these mechanisms/examples of ...
    続きを読む 一部表示
    39 分