Dave Rich returns for Lesson 25 in the Christian Ethics and the Old Testament series. After establishing Scripture's authority through inspiration last session, this lesson works through the next essential questions: Is the Bible clear enough, necessary enough, and sufficient enough to serve as the foundation for Christian ethics?

Rich opens with the doctrine of the clarity of Scripture—what theologians call perspicuity—grounding it in passages from Deuteronomy, Psalms, and the New Testament epistles. The argument is straightforward: if the Word was given to ordinary Israelites, to children, to simple people across all kinds of circumstances, it is clear enough for Christians to use it for ethics. But Rich is careful to walk through honest qualifications. The unregenerate cannot fully understand Scripture. Clarity grows through study and obedience. No one comprehends all of it perfectly.

From clarity, the lesson moves to necessity. Could a believer do ethics without the Bible? Rich uses a thought experiment to show why the answer is no—conscience and general revelation together are simply not enough. The Bible is the only transcript of God's words and therefore the only source of absolute ethical norms.

The final section addresses sufficiency. Drawing on 2 Timothy 3 and Psalm 119, Rich argues that Scripture contains everything God requires us to know to live rightly—not as a ceiling on learning, but as a complete and binding standard. Nothing may bind the conscience that is not found there. Nothing is sin that Scripture does not call sin.

This lesson lays the groundwork for everything that follows in the series.

What makes the Bible the right place to go for Christian ethics? Before addressing how source material can be misused in moral reasoning, Dave Rich steps back to answer a more foundational question: why is Scripture authoritative in the first place?

In Lesson 24 of the Christian Ethics and the Old Testament series, Rich grounds the authority of Scripture in the doctrine of verbal inspiration — the biblical teaching that the words of the original autographs are God-breathed. Working through 2 Timothy 3:13–17, 2 Peter 1:16–21, and John 10:34–36, he demonstrates that Scripture claims for itself the status of God's own words. That claim, he argues, is what makes it binding.

Rich also examines what inspiration does and doesn't mean — distinguishing the biblical concept from the common English sense of the word — and surveys how Jesus himself appealed to single words and even verb tenses to settle disputes, showing that verbal inspiration is the only view the Bible's own use of itself supports.

The lesson closes with a brief look at the doctrine of preparation: how God's sovereignty over every detail of an author's life and background ensured that what they wrote was exactly what He intended — fully human, fully divine, and fully authoritative.

For anyone asking why the Bible should govern how we live, this lesson builds the foundation.

Christians are called to obey God's commands — not merely to know them. But what happens when Christian ethics slides into error, minimizing the obligation to obey? In Lesson 23, Dave Rich continues the survey of antinomian ethical ditches, finishing Christian pragmatism before turning to free grace theology and a topic he calls "Sovereign Constraints and the Death of Choice."

Christian pragmatism reduces ethics to results — the end justifies the means. Rich traces this error from secular teleological systems (utilitarianism, situationism, Ayn Rand's egoism) into the church itself, where seeker-sensitive ministry and personal excuse-making share the same root: a goal pursued without regard for what God actually commands. Uzzah, Saul, and Pilate each illustrate the point. Good intentions and desired outcomes never override obedience.

Free grace theology then comes under examination. Rich explains how the non-lordship position severs repentance from saving faith, and how in practice this licenses the false convert to remain in unrepentant sin while dismissing biblical confrontation as legalism.

The final and most searching topic is sovereign constraints — the tendency to treat addictions, disorders, and psychological conditions as though they override the Christian's ability to obey God. Rich draws a firm line: struggles shaped by repeated sinful choices are moral problems requiring repentance, not diseases requiring only treatment. No constraint, however powerful, is sovereign. God is.

For every Christian engaged in the hard work of sanctification, this lesson is a reminder: you are not helpless, and you are not hopeless.

What happens when Christian ethics goes wrong — on either side of the road? Lesson 22 of the Christian Ethics series covers the final rigorist errors and opens the antinomian ones.

Dave Rich finishes the fundamentalist ethic from the previous lesson, drawing a clear line between biblical separation and the error of letting the world define the church's ethic in opposition to it. He then addresses scrupulosity — moralism with an emotional edge. For those prone to a hypervigilant conscience, Rich offers a grounding corrective from 1 John, Psalm 103, and Hebrews: God is greater than your heart, your guilt is addressed in Christ, and you have an advocate when you sin.

From there, the lesson crosses to the other ditch. Christian universalism, traced through James Rellie and its modern expressions, removes any ethical stakes entirely. Licentiousness treats the gospel as a license to sin — a position Rich addresses plainly: if that is your view of salvation, you are not saved. The lesson closes with the opening of Christian pragmatism and the seeker-friendly movement's "end justifies the means" approach to church ministry.

A clarifying lesson for anyone thinking carefully about where Christian ethics goes off course.

What does it look like when law overrides grace? In Lesson 21 of the Christian Ethics series, Dave Rich identifies a class of ethical errors he calls "rigorism" — a broad category of views that elevate obedience to law above its proper biblical place, sometimes to the point of outright heresy.

Rich walks through four distinct expressions of this error. Pelagianism, the most extreme, denies grace entirely, insisting that human beings are inherently capable of meeting God's standard on their own — a direct assault on the gospel. Legalism, defined narrowly here, adds works as a condition for justification, making it equally damning. Moralism stops short of heresy but displaces the gospel from its rightful center, making ethical obedience the heart of the Christian faith rather than union with Christ. And fundamentalism, rightly understood in its historical roots, can drift into boundary-making for its own sake — creating rules where Scripture gives none.

Throughout, Rich keeps the gospel firmly in view. Obedience is real, required, and pleasing to God — but only in those who are already justified by grace through faith in Christ alone. The righteous deeds of a believer are not filthy rags. They matter. They please God. But they are the fruit of union with Christ, never the ground of standing before him.

A clarifying and gospel-anchored lesson for anyone who wants to think carefully about how Christians relate to the law.

The truth isn't out there — it's already here. That's the claim Michael Anderson brings to 1 Timothy 3:14–16 in this Sunday school message, setting up a sharp contrast between the world's fruitless search for external meaning and the life-transforming revelation of the gospel.

Working through what he calls the constitution, commission, and confession of the church, Anderson shows why Paul found these three things urgent enough to put in writing. The church's constitution — the household and governing body of the living God — matters because God alone determines how it is built, ordered, and inhabited. Its commission, drawn from the striking image of a pillar and buttress, calls the church both to hold the truth high and to actively resist the side loads of distortion and false teaching. And its great confession, likely a well-known hymn of the early church, makes clear that the mystery of godliness is not a doctrine but a person — Jesus Christ, manifested in the flesh, vindicated by the Spirit, taken up in glory.

Anderson closes with a practical challenge: does our individual conduct in the church reflect the transformative truth we confess? The good news is that faithful obedience to these commands doesn't rest on our own strength — it rests on the same resurrection power that raised Christ from the dead.

What does it mean that Jesus was truly tempted—yet could not sin? Can God use Satan to accomplish His purposes? Where do our souls come from? And does God still speak apart from the Bible today?

In this wide-ranging Q&A, Jim Osman fields questions from the congregation on some of theology's most searching topics. He opens with an extended treatment of Christ's two natures—fully God, fully man in one person—carefully distinguishing between what his divine nature and his human nature could experience, including temptation, exhaustion, and limited knowledge. From there he tackles the origin of the soul, laying out the case for a middle position between strict traducianism and strict creationism. The discussion turns to so-called generational or bloodline curses, where Jim draws a sharp distinction between the biblical truth that sin patterns pass through families and the charismatic error that demonic curses require special renunciation. He also weighs in on how God does and does not speak today, pressing back on the claim that nudges and impressions qualify as divine revelation comparable to Scripture.

Throughout, Jim models careful, pastoral reasoning—direct, often funny, and always tethered to the text. Whether you came with questions or not, this episode will sharpen how you think about some of the most foundational questions in the Christian life.

What happens when obeying one of God's commands seems to require breaking another? Dave Rich continues this examination of impossible moral conflict by applying three major Christian ethical frameworks to two of history's most challenging scenarios: Rahab's lie to protect the Israelite spies, and the ten Boom family's decision to deceive Nazi soldiers to save Jewish lives.

Conflicting absolutism says Rahab did the right thing — but still sinned and needed forgiveness. Graded absolutism says her higher duty to protect life suspended the lesser duty to tell the truth, and she bears no guilt. Non-conflicting absolutism says the conflict was never real to begin with — either she sinned by choosing to lie, or what she did wasn't truly a lie by proper definition.

Each view carries genuine strengths and serious dangers. Can absolutes remain absolute if they can be set aside? Can redefining sin become a way to excuse it? And when Nazis are at the door, what does faithfulness to God actually look like?

Rich closes with a vital reminder: hard cases make bad law. The goal of Christian ethics isn't finding the perfect framework for the rare impossible moment — it's a life of steady obedience, pursued with love for Christ and a well-formed conscience grounded in Scripture.