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Peter Stuyvesant: legends abound about the character, temperament, and wooden leg of the last director-general of New Amsterdam, fueled primarily by Washington Irving's satirical A History of New York. Krizner and Sita set the record straight here and address other misconceptions about the early days of the colony. Indeed, historical evidence does not support the legend of the 24-dollar purchase of Manhattan Island. Stuyvesant did, however, rule with an "iron fist", but he loved New Amsterdam.

Dmitri Mendeleyev gave science one of its most important discoveries when he published his periodic table of elements. The periodic table has determined much in the way of science in the past and will continue to do so in the future. The scientist behind the table came from the barren wasteland of Siberia in 19th-century Russia and rose to world acclaim for his work in chemistry.

As the seamstress of the American flag, an enduring symbol of liberty and democracy, Betsy Ross is an integral part of the fabric of American history. Her life story transcends that one great symbol, though. She was a mother, a businesswoman, and a contemporary of George Washington. This biography of Betsy Ross is a window not only into the life of a proud and courageous woman, but also into the early days of our nation.

Frederick Douglass was the foremost American abolitionist of the 19th century. From his 1847 founding of the North Star, the first African-American newspaper, to his term as U.S. minister to Haiti, the story of Douglass's life makes for inspirational reading. This compelling biography will give students a deeper understanding of how slavery shaped American history.

Abigail Adams did not succumb to the limitations facing women in her day. She married John Adams in 1764 as an educated and influential woman. From the beginning of their relationship, John Adams took her counsel. Her vision of equality and justice informed and inspired the first rumblings of equal rights for women.

The growing friction between the colonies and England in the mid- to late 18th century is outlined here, as the book captures the revolutionary spirit that eventually led to the American War of Independence. Included is biographical information on Patrick Henry, as it traces his rise to fame as he grew to embody the new American identity.

Phillis Wheatley was just another child kidnapped into slavery from Senegal, until she began to show enormous intellectual promise, eventually shocking a room of Boston scholars by translating Ovid at the age of 14. Wheatley would go on to become a major voice in the American literary scene and would pave the way for African American writers to come.

Nathan Hale was an American patriot and soldier. Educated at Yale, he volunteered for service in the Continental Army at the outbreak of the war for independence. He rose to the rank of captain, whereupon he volunteered for a mission to reconnoiter the British position on Long Island. He was captured by the British, quickly tried, and hanged. Before his hanging, he uttered the infamous last words, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

Young people will be absorbed in this story about a Genoese-born navigator who sailed to Newfoundland in command of a British ship in 1497. One year later, he sailed again in search of the Northwest Passage to Asia but failed to return. An engaging tale, this biography of Cabot's life is filled with interesting details and firsthand accounts of the isolation of life at sea.

Guided only by legendary stories and unfinished 15th-century maps, Henry Hudson set out to search for the sea route through what was thought to be a polar passage to Asia. An English navigator in search of the riches of the Orient for the Dutch East India Company, Hudson got more than he bargained for on what was to become his last voyage in 1610. Young people will enjoy this fascinating biography, complete with primary source quotations from Hudson's ship logs.

Robert Fulton's failure as a painter led to one of the most important technological advances of the industrial age: the steamboat. Fulton's designs and personal influence linked together America's waterways and revolutionized trade and travel for a century to come.

British-born Thomas Paine came to Philadelphia in 1774. He clearly heard the colonists' cries for liberty. They stirred his own political philosophy and ideals for freedom. He committed the powerful mixture to print with revolutionary pamphlets such as Common Sense. Paine helped set the stage for the Declaration of Independence and profoundly influenced the course of our nation's history and ideology.

The famous "coonskin" politician was always more than the self-promoted backwoods Everyman. An astute and agile leader, Crockett would come of age during the Creek Wars, and die a hero at the battle of the Alamo in Texas. Today we can distinguish between the legend and the history of Davy Crockett, as we survey the facts of his life and the fantasies of more than a century of stories told in songs, films, and books.

American women were first allowed to vote in 1920. The quest to secure that right began in 1848, when Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others held the Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, New York. Over the decades that followed, Stanton tirelessly wrote, petitioned, and lectured on behalf of securing not just the ballot, but also equality for women in the workplace, in schools, and within America's legal system.

The life story of Major Robert Rogers, the New England frontiersman who recruited companies of colonial soldiers, known as Rogers' Rangers, to fight for the British in the French and Indian War, is a compelling mix of military intrigue and national identity. This feisty major codified colonial military strategies into a document, known as Standing Orders, and put these principles to practice in many battles, campaigns, and scouting.

One of the leaders and founders of Texas, Sam Houston confronted all of the prevailing issues of his day. Adopted into a Native American tribe, he fought for fair treatment of Indians in the halls of Congress. Faced with the dissolution of the Union during the Civil War, he tried to lead Texas away from secession. A frontiersman, soldier, and patriot, Houston's influence can be felt well beyond the borders of the Lone Star State.

A revered citizen-soldier of the American Revolutionary War, South Carolina-born Francis Marion has been dubbed by some the "father of the U.S. Army Special Forces." This innovative patriot earned the nickname the "Swamp Fox" from a British colonel who all too often lost track of Marion when the clever soldier made stealthy retreats into American swamp lands.

In a time where thousands pushed westward to find their fortune, Stephen Austin went west to found a colony. The fierce struggle between Austin's settlers and the Mexican government would lead to the birth of Texas and countless stories of heroes and heroism. Jailed by Mexican authorities, Austin fought a long, bitter struggle for the survival of Texas. Many may not know that Austin's dream almost did not come true.

A leader in American victories against the British in the American Revolutionary War, Lafayette also championed the Americans' cause at peace talks in France. A life story interwoven with issues of international diplomacy, military expertise, and contributions to another nation's fight for freedom, Lafayette is an important reminder that not all the heroes of the American Revolution were American.

At least as far back as the ancient myth of Icarus, humans longed to fly - but it wasn't until December 17, 1903, on the windy dunes of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, that the dream finally came true. And it was all thanks to Orville and Wilbur Wright, two former bicycle mechanics who built their first toy plane - a rubber-band powered rotary - when they were just children.